A vaccine that prevents influenza virus transmission. Detailed vaccine information can also be found in the manufacturers summary of product characteristics spc on the electronic medicines compendium emc. Sign in or purchase a subscription to access this content. New zealand immunisation schedule ministry of health nz. As of 20 september 2009, human infections with the new virus have occurred in 191 countries worldwide including the uk who. Healthcare worker influenza vaccination and sickness. Shingles, influenza and pneumococcal immunisation programmes.
Immunisation against infectious disease paediatric care online. A lifetime, multicohort, static markov model was constructed, with nine age groups each divided into healthy and atrisk. Immunisation is the most important way we can protect against the flu and reduce the number of flu infections and deaths. Jun 06, 2014 to estimate the potential costeffectiveness of quadrivalent influenza vaccine compared with trivalent influenza vaccine in the uk. In 201617, seasonal influenza vaccine was less effective in those aged 65 years and older in the united kingdom. Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. This vaccine can be ordered by calling the om movianto customer services team on 01234 248 623. Whilst also suitable for this age group, the newly licenced high dose trivalent influenza vaccine tivhd is not eligible for reimbursement under the nhs flu vaccination programme because it has a significantly higher list price. Below is a summary of the benefits of flu vaccination, and selected scientific studies that support these benefits. If a major shift in the circulating influenza virus occurs, such as during an influenza pandemic, people who are immunocompromised might benefit from receiving 2 doses of inactivated influenza vaccine, at least 4 weeks apart, for an optimal immune response.
Uptake and effectiveness of influenza vaccine in those. Revised recommendations for the administration of more than one live vaccine. The national flu immunisation programme 201920 3 vaccines. Only type a viruses are subtyped for example, influenza a h1n1new caledonia2099. This pandemic, caused by the influenza a h1n1 virus, spread in two waves, a modest springsummer wave and a more sustained wave in the autumn and early winter with moderate intensity. Influenza virus vaccine injection uses, side effects. Vaccinations are important to both maternal and child health. The green book has the latest information on vaccines and vaccination procedures, for vaccine.
September 2011 revised to include updated guidance from the department of healths immunization against infectious disease the green book chapter 19, influenza updated in july 2011 for the 20112012 seasonal influenza vaccination programme, and new recommendations from the chief medical officer 2011. Flu influenza australian government department of health. Influenza immunisation program department of health. These studies have shown that green tea catechins bind to the hemagglutinin molecule of influenza virus, thereby inhibiting the virus adsorption to the host cells and blocking virus assembly or maturation cleavage 1416. However, this widely used influenza vaccine production platform has several vulnerabilities, including the potential for the egg supply to become a limiting factor for rapid largescale vaccine production in the event of an influenza pandemic. The australian technical advisory group on immunisation atagi recommends that zostavax may be given concurrently with other vaccines, including 23vppv. Equally suitable, is the newly licenced cellbased quadrivalent influenza vaccine qivc. The national flu immunisation programme 201920 nhs england. The immunisation programme in the uk continues to evolve, meeting the demand to improve the control of infectious diseases through vaccination. Becoming infected with influenza is much more dangerous to your health than receiving this vaccine. Immunisation coalition influenza immunisation coalition.
The temperature sensitive type a and b strains of influenza virus contained in laiv replicate multiply in the nasal passages but not in the lower respiratory tract. Sep 11, 20 the green book has the latest information on vaccines and vaccination procedures, for vaccine preventable infectious diseases in the uk. Flu immunisation the flu jab gives protection against seasonal flu and lasts for one year. In the handbook immunisation against infectious diseases green book published by hmso in 1996,1 influenza vaccine has been recommended for the following categories in children. While their effectiveness varies from year to year, most provide modest to high protection against influenza. For many years, immunisation against infectious disease the green book has contained a recommendation that when two live vaccines are required in the same individual, then the vaccines should either be given on the same day, or separated by.
The disease influenza is an acute viral infection of the respiratory tract. Immunisation of individuals with underlying medical conditions chapter 7 immunisation of individuals with underlying medical conditionsanuary 22 chronic neurological disease influenza vaccine see chapter 19 pneumococcal vaccine see chapter 25 chronic respiratory disease influenza vaccine see chapter 19. The aim is to protect people who are more likely to develop complications from flu. Australian technical advisory group on immunisation atagi statement on the administration of seasonal influenza vaccines in 2020 is available here. This can vary by year, the persons age and underlying medical conditions. Type a influenza has subtypes that are determined by the surface antigens hemagglutinin h and neuraminidase n. Influenza vaccination is the most important measure we have to prevent influenza and its complications and is recommended for all people aged 6 months and over. Influenza is highly infectious with a usual incubation period of one to three days. Influenza is a highly contagious virus that causes widespread illness every year. Contraindications and special considerations in immunisation against infectious disease also known as the green book. In june of 2003, a live, attenuated, cold adapted, temperature sensitive. Influenza april 2019 19 influenza the disease influenza is an acute viral infection of the respiratory tract. The recent updates include changes to the asthma and egg allergy sections and added information on newly licensed influenza vaccines. More information about clinical risk groups and vaccination can be found in the influenza green book chapter 19 and nice national institute for health and care excellence guidance.
As a health provider, you are a trusted source of information for your patients. The minimum age for vivotif oral typhoid vaccine has been lowered to 5 years in line with the summary of product characteristics 1, 2. Some people get no symptoms or only mild symptoms, while others can become seriously ill. Immunisationvaccine preventable diseases hsc public health. Influenza virus vaccine works by exposing you to a small dose of the virus. There are lots of different strains of flu virus, and they can change every year. Vaccines for the national flu immunisation programme 10. Flu vaccination can keep you from getting sick with flu. Influenza a and influenza b are responsible for most. Influenza vaccine can be given at the same time as pertussis vaccination ideally at 28 weeks but may be given earlier, and should not be delayed if the winter influenza season has begun or is imminent. Return to the seasonal influenza vaccine information page.
The influenza chapter in immunisation against infectious disease the green book, which is updated regularly, gives detailed descriptions of the groups outlined above and guidance for healthcare workers on administering the flu vaccine. New zealand immunisation schedule the national immunisation schedule is the series of vaccines that are offered free to babies, children, adolescents and adults. Since the last edition of immunisation against infectious disease the green book, the immunisation programme has seen a number of changes, to both. In june of 2003, a live, attenuated, cold adapted, temperature sensitive, trivalent influenza virus vaccine laiv was licensed in the united states. Pregnant women any trimester people aged 65 years and older.
However, for workers potentially exposed to bloodborne viruses, such as healthcare and biomedical laboratory staff, immunisation is an appropriate additional measure. Children are much more likely to contract influenza in any given season 2050% compared with 1030% in adults, with up to 70% of children contracting the virus during pandemic years. Vaccine safety and adverse events following immunisation. The reason for giving influenza vaccine is that influenza can cause considerable morbidity and mortality in the above mentioned categories. Background the national immunisation guidelines recommend influenza vaccination for all pregnant women and this advice is endorsed by the royal australian and new zealand college of obstetricians and gynaecologists and the royal. Seasonal influenza vaccination 2020 immunisation programs. Phe influenza immunisation guideline phedhdwp guideline. Laiv does not cause clinical influenza in those immunised and is offered to children because it provides good overall protection for children against influenza virus and is expected to provide some crossprotection against mismatched strains.
Those infected by rsv experience a range of symptoms such as rhinitis runny nose, sneezing or nasal. Eligibility criteria for free seasonal influenza vaccination for 2020. Acip vaccine recommendations and guidelines include the ages when the vaccines should be given, the number of doses needed, the amount of. The first pandemic of the 21st century occurred in 20092010. Influenza vaccines, also known as flu shots or flu jabs, are vaccines that protect against infection by influenza viruses. Influenza immunisation information including updates for public.
In the coshh hierarchy of control measures, immunisation as protection against infection at work is the last line of defence and other controls should be available. While this may be true under normal circumstances, it may not be so during an influenza pandemic which could strike with little warning and at any time of the year. Spanish influenza in 19181919 caused an estimated 21 million deaths worldwide. Tiv came in whole virus and split virus forms prior to 2001. The typhoid chapter of immunisation against infectious disease has been updated updates have been made to the typhoid chapter in the green book immunisation against infectious disease. The textbook of influenza is a comprehensive resource covering all aspects of influenza, from the genetic and molecular biology of the virus through to clinical aspects of the disease and the latest drug developments and treatments. Most vaccine viruses are then propagated in embryonated chicken eggs. The product information for zostavax states that the vaccine can be given concurrently with inactivated influenza vaccine but not with 23valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 23vppv.
Vaccination for people who are immunocompromised the. The references have been revised to include updated guidance from the department of healths immunisation against infectious disease the green book chapter 19, influenza updated in july 2011. The influenza vaccine has been shown to be effective in preventing illness in about 5060% of healthy adults under the age of 65 years. In 1936, burnet discovered that influenza virus could. Influenza vaccine archives of disease in childhood. The flu chapter of the green book has been updated to reflect the latest guidance from the joint committee on vaccination and immunisation in readiness for the 2015 to 2016 influenza season. The australian influenza vaccine committee aivc met on wednesday 9th october 2019 in canberra to recommend influenza viruses to be used in the 2020 influenza vaccines. Yearly immunisation is strongly recommended for older people and other people who are at risk of serious complications from the flu. The actual strain varies from year to year and a new immunisation is developed each year to protect against the prevailing strain. Inactivated influenza virus vaccines cannot cause influenza. Influenza vaccine should be offered, ideally before influenza viruses start. The seasonal flu vaccine programme is also very successful, with northern ireland achieving the highest uptake in the uk. A lowegg content flu vaccine is available sanofi inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine. Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus.
Patients admitted to hospital may have respiratory samples taken for testing by polymerase chain reaction pcr, rapid antigen test, or immunofluorescence assay. Effects of green tea catechins and theanine on preventing. Influenza is an acute viral infection of the respiratory tract. The green book has the latest information on vaccines and vaccination procedures, for vaccine preventable infectious diseases in the uk.
Basic antigen types a, b, and c are determined by the nuclear material. Immunisation of individuals with underlying medical conditions. Influenza a virus subtype h2n2 ah2n2 is a subtype of influenza a virus. The objectives of the influenza immunisation programme are to protect.
Immunisation schedule and eligibility view the free vaccine schedule, find out who is eligible, including special risk groups. You can spread the virus even if you dont have symptoms. To make best use of the mcqs as a learning and revision tool we recommend that you. Please read the information below about the 2020 wa influenza immunisation program and protect your patients by opportunistically offering influenza immunisation to all who are eligible for the free vaccine through the national immunisation program. Labels related to the pest equine influenza virus type a. This treatment summary topic describes influenza vaccine. Smith, andrewes, and laidlaw isolated influenza a virus in ferrets in 1933, and francis isolated influenza b virus in 1936. It is also suspected of causing a human pandemic in 1889. No other restrictions for timing between shingles and other live vaccines reference. These symptoms typically begin two days after exposure to the virus and most last less than a week. This is regardless of their previous influenza vaccination history. Mar 20, 20 the flu chapter of the green book has been updated to reflect the latest guidance from the joint committee on vaccination and immunisation in readiness for the 2015 to 2016 influenza season.
Immunisation against infectious disease updates chapter 23a pandemic influenza ah1n1v 2009 swine flu chapter title. Early advice on 2020 national immunisation program seasonal influenza vaccination from the australian government chief medical officer cmo and the australian technical advisory group on immunisation atagi is available, covering whats new in 2020, including two new influenza vaccines, timing of influenza vaccination, influenza vaccination. H2n2 has mutated into various strains including the asian flu strain now extinct in the wild, h3n2, and various strains found in birds. The australian influenza vaccine committee recommendation for the composition of influenza vaccines for australia in 2020 introduces three new strains when compared to the composition of the trivalent and quadrivalent vaccines for australia in 2019. Feb 18, 2020 the flu jab seasonal influenza immunisation seasonal influenza is the strain of influenza virus that arrives in the uk each autumn. Annual vaccination against influenza is recommended for all uk nhs staff to reduce transmission to patients and help prevent sickness absence, thereby reducing strain on services at times of peak demand.
The nasal influenza vaccine uses a live attenuated weakened influenza virus which helps protect against influenza infection in those who receive it. The yellow fever chapter contraindications section in the green book immunisation against infectious disease has been updated yellow fever. Reservoir of influenza virus humans are the primary reservoir. Nov 09, 2018 influenza virus vaccine is also available in a nasal spray form, which is a live virus vaccine. Public health england gateway number 2018805 pdf, 8kb, 27 pages this file may not be suitable for users of assistive technology. This new edition has been completely revised and reflects the integration of disciplines concerning the emergence, evolution, pathogenesis and control of influenza. Flu vaccine prevents millions of illnesses and flurelated doctors visits each year. Phe publish updated green book chapter online on 26 october 2017 on 26 october 2017, public health england phe published an updated version of chapter 6. From a public health perspective, an optimal influenza vaccine would both prevent morbidity and mortality in individuals and also inhibit transmission in a population, which currently licensed iivs cannot reliably achieve 64,65. Influenza a and influenza b are responsible for most clinical.
The aim of this learning resource is to give you the skills, knowledge and confidence to deal professionally with any safeguarding issues that may arise in the course of your practice. Influenza vaccination during pregnancy has been shown to be safe and effective. Revised recommendations for the administration of more than. If you are allergic to influenza virus vaccine inactivated. Influenza a and influenza b are responsible for most clinical illness. This medication guide addresses only the injectable form of this vaccine. Green book chapter on influenza for advice on vaccinations for those with egg allergies available here. Symptoms usually start about one to three days after catching the flu, and can last for a week or more.
While most viruses are antigenically stable, the influenza viruses a and b especially a are constantly altering their antigenic structure, as indicated by changes in the haemagglutinins h and neuraminidases n on the surface of the viruses. Children aged 4 years or under who have been hospitalised for respiratory illness or have a history of significant respiratory illness. People aged under 65 years with any of the medical conditions listed below. The potential costeffectiveness of quadrivalent versus. The population groups most vulnerable to complications associated with influenza virus infections are the elderly, children under 5 years of age, people with chronic diseases, pregnant women. Immunology and vaccinepreventable diseases pink book.
Almost all influenza cases in 2009 were caused by the pandemic virus. Of all vaccine preventable diseases, influenza is the leading cause of hospitalisation among australian children under five years of age. Influenza virus vaccine works by exposing you to a small dose of the virus, which helps your body. The advisory committee on immunization practices acip develops recommendations on how to use vaccines to control disease in the united states. Theanine has a possibility to enhance the systemic immunity tcell function for influenza infection. The indirect benefits of vaccination have been documented many times in epidemiological studies. Development of highyield influenza a virus vaccine viruses. Influenza virus influenza is a singlestranded, helically shaped, rna virus of the orthomyxovirus family. This file may not be suitable for users of assistive technology. What do i need to tell my doctor before i take influenza virus vaccine.
We describe the uptake, influenza associated mortality and adjusted vaccine effectiveness ave in this age group over influenza seasons 201011201617. Zoster herpes zoster the australian immunisation handbook. If 10 people have the flu jab, it usually provides protection from flu for 7 or 8 of them. Multiple choice questions on immunisation against infectious disease 4 introduction these mcqs have been devised to help you test your knowledge and understanding of each of the chapters of the green book immunisation against infectious disease.
Editor, in an otherwise excellent article influenza immunisation aust prescr 2002. Most influenza is diagnosed clinically in the community at times when the virus is known to be circulating. Updates have been made to the typhoid chapter in the green book immunisation against infectious disease the minimum age for vivotif oral typhoid vaccine has been lowered to 5 years in line with the summary of product characteristics 1, 2. More exact paracetamol dosing for children has been introduced by the medicines and healthcare. The updated influenza chapter of immunisation against infectious disease green book should be consulted for current vaccine schedules, routes of administration and dosages. New versions of the vaccines are developed twice a year, as the influenza virus rapidly changes. Influenza virus vaccine is also available in a nasal spray form, which is a live virus vaccine. Respiratory syncytial virus immunisation information for public health professionals, including updates. Influenza viruses are named according to type a, b or c, subtype and antigenic characterisation, including year of isolation. Influenza information for health care professionals from the american academy of pediatrics updated january 27, 2020 the american academy of pediatrics aap committee on infectious diseases has compiled a comprehensive list of influenza resources to serve as a centralized point of reference for vaccine guidance, prevention, treatment, payment. The schedule of vaccines listed below applies from 1 july 2019.
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